India - A Future Warehouse of the World

India - A Future Warehouse of the World

Summary
India has the second-largest population in the world and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. India has a promising future, given the unprecedented growth of the economy and its impact on global problems. India is now spearheading the massive boom in the new computer-driven economy. Many developed countries of the world are looking for a huge pool of talented English-speaking software professionals in India. As the world shifts towards a knowledge society, India is also moving proportionately in the world competition. With the increase in Internet users and the advancement of information and communication technology in India, India has boasted of evolving towards e-commerce in the global economic community. In the IT sector, India is emerging as a superpower. In recent years, India has made great strides in the IT sector, particularly in software and IT-enabled services. In this paper, we analyze the picture of the IT industry very shortly in India and India's contribution to the global IT sector.

Introduction
Since the 1950s, IBM has virtually monopolized computers in India. The launch of the 360 ​​series in the 1960s was the main focus of action for large organizations. They even kept a series of programmers who could write software for their devices. However, in 1978, when George Fernandez, then Minister of Industries, ordered IBM to accept local shareholders in its subsidiary, the company flatly refused, and returned after liquidating all of its Indian operations. His former employees later founded a computer maintenance company, with the primary goal of servicing IBM computers.
During the period from 1995 to 2000, the Indian IT industry scored a C.AG.R. (compound annual growth rate) of more than 42.4 percent, which is near twice the growth rate of the information technology industries in many developed countries. For more details, contact the AMCHAM National Secretariat, New Delhi. Foreign companies, especially American companies, have played a vital role in making India an emerging IT superpower in the world. These multinational companies account for nearly 22 percent of India's software exports. According to the latest NASSCOM estimates, in 2001-02, multinational IT companies exported software worth Rs. 6.5 billion Indian rupees. The total software export in the country has been set at Rs. 29.4 billion rupees. In terms of investment and growth, US companies such as Cognizant Technologies (the multinational company with the highest export earnings), IBM, Oracle, GE, Cisco, Compaq, Intel, and others, lead the multinationals in the IT sector. Nine of the top 20 Indian IT companies are from the United States. These represent more than 37% of the turnover of the 20 largest companies operating in India. Despite their significant contribution to the IT sector, these companies have to deal with several procedural and operational issues in India.
However, the volume of e-commerce in India is well below the levels achieved in the United States, which accounted for about 1 percent of the total GDP in 1999 (million) and also below the levels expected, compared to Australia ($3 billion). ), China ($586 million), South Korea ($876 million), and Hong Kong ($685 million) are much lower.

Time has changed the way we do business. What few were supposed to know and restricted to indigenous peoples appears to be an outdated methodology for carrying out the work. Today, brands operate on a global scale, that is, they are successful not only in a particular region, but have deepened their roots in every corner of the world that you can think of.
Information technology is the most important sector in the current trend of doing business. This is because you can't be everywhere to monitor the business, but with networking and communications, you can always stay in touch with your other business sites.

ICT approach from India
A series of reforms, following the economic crisis of 1991, gave impetus to the Indian economy, particularly the ICT sector. As part of the reform agenda, the Indian government has taken important steps to promote ICT, including the establishment of the Global Market Policy in 1988, focusing on software development for export; communications policy reform; privatization of national markets for long-distance calls and mobile phones; and developing a more holistic approach to ICT. Although India's success is attracting increasing interest and investment, it has not yet resulted in the distribution of social and economic benefits to a broader base of the population. Challenges remain, including a notably unfavorable regulatory climate, an overburdened judicial system, poor infrastructure and costly access, and limited use of it. The emerging shift in the government's strategy, towards knowledge-intensive services, has created a more favorable climate for dealing with business, local infrastructure, education, and the use of information and communication technology to meet development needs.
Policy: India's focus on self-sufficient manufacturing in the 1970s and 1980s was replaced by reforms aimed at positioning India in the global economy: the process of foreign direct investment was simplified, new sectors were opened for foreign direct investment and property investment, and the government exempted the ICT industry from corporate income tax for a period five years. These reforms helped India increasingly integrate into the global economy through growth in software exports and skill-intensive software services, such as call centers.
In 1986, the Indian government announced a new software policy designed to act as a catalyst for the software industry. This was followed in 1988 by the Global Market Policy and the establishment of the Software Technology Pools Scheme in India (STP). As a result, the Indian software industry grew from just US$150 million in 1991-92 to US$5.7 billion (including more than US$4 billion in software exports) in 1999-2000, representing a growth rate of more than 50% per year.
The establishment of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was a major step toward the effective implementation of telecom reforms. In 1992, the mobile market was opened to private operators, followed in 1994 by the fixed-service market, and finally, in 1999, the national long-distance operation was opened to private competition. Before these reforms, the Communications Department was the sole provider of communications services.
Additionally, to attract foreign direct investment, the government has allowed up to 100 percent foreign participation and duty-free import for all inputs. The technology parks set up by the government have also provided professional labor services to the clients, which is a profitable program for India as ICT labor is very cheap by global standards.
Infrastructure: Teledensity in India has reached 3.5 percent of the population. About 1 percent of households have fixed telephone connections, compared to 10 percent in China. The mobile segment has nearly 3 million users, is growing at 100 percent annually, and is expected to outpace the fixed-line market shortly. The number of Internet accounts is about 1.5 million, growing at 50 percent annually. India also has very high penetration rates for terrestrial television, cable, and radio. Wireless voice and data solutions for domestic and export markets are increasingly being produced and used locally.
Access to telephones in Indian villages has improved in the past five or six years with the introduction of the Public Communications Office (PCO) operated by local merchants. More than 60 percent of India's villages have at least one telephone. This also includes more than 800,000 public village telephones (VPTs). Worldtel is experimenting in four states to secure funding to upgrade payphones in the village so that they will soon have access to the Internet.
In some urban areas, India's Software Technology Parks (STPs) provide infrastructure, buildings, electricity, communication facilities, and high-speed satellite connections to facilitate software export processing

India also has several progressive computerized networks, including the stock exchange, the Indian Railways passenger reservation system, and the National Informatics Center Network (NICNET), which connect government agencies at the central, state, and district levels.
Enterprise: The well-established engineering framework for protecting intellectual property rights has been an important catalyst for commercial investment: well-known international brands are protected by Indian laws, even when they are not registered in India. In 1999, major legislation was passed to protect intellectual property rights in line with international practice and consistent with India's obligations under the TRIPS Agreement.
Much of the initial stimulus to domestic demand for India's ICT and ICT service industries has come from the government: 28 percent of total IT spending to date can be attributed to government and public sector spending. Key areas of government spending include: financial services, taxation, customs, communications, education, defense, and public infrastructure. As a result of the growth in the use of ICTs in India, the ICT industry itself has increased its domestic economic activity, for example, several ICT companies have developed accounting and word processing packages in Indian languages. The potential impact of this growth on the local economy is much broader than software development for export only.
Human Capability: Despite its relatively low literacy rates among the general population, India has several key advantages in human capital: a large English-speaking population and world-class educational, research, and administrative institutions - a direct result of investment in self-reliance in Science and Technology. In addition to setting up Indian Institutes of Technology in various cities across India to create a large pool of technical skills, the government has a computer policy to encourage research and development in personal computers. The IT training sector continues to grow at a rapid rate: total training revenue in 1998 was estimated at $225 million, a 30 percent increase over the previous year. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the Indian software industry remains the difficulty of attracting and retaining talented professionals.
Content and Applications: India has a large population with great linguistic diversity. Creating and maintaining locally relevant content for a country with 418 languages ​​is a challenge. However, local language content is slowly making ICTs more relevant and accessible to a broad segment of the population. For example, India's Center for the Development of Advanced Computing recently launched a scheme called iLEAP-ISP to create a free multilingual word processor to be available to all Internet subscribers. On other fronts, some states such as Tamil Nadu have launched their own initiatives to support the standardization of local language programs through interface programs that can be adapted to word processors, dictionaries, and commercial keyboards for use in schools, colleges, government offices, and homes.
Emphasis was also placed on developing related e-government applications in India. Some states such as Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh have begun to introduce applications that allow citizens to have faster and more transparent access to government services - for example, providing information on laws and regulations, and obtaining licenses and official documents online.
Strategic agreement: Public-private partnerships, catalyzed by the Ministry of Information Technology, have played a major role in ICT-related development in India. Among the positive results of this effort is the Information Technology Act of 2000, which was based on the recommendation of the National Information Technology Task Force, and aims to set the overall strategy for the information technology sector. In addition, the government and the private sector have begun to work together to promote ICT development. For example, a joint effort by the Department of Computer Science Automation at the Indian Institute of Science and a private company based in Bangalore has developed the Simputer - an inexpensive microcomputer that enables illiterate users to surf the Internet.
India's development and contribution to the world's IT sector have a high reputation. Cities like Bangalore have become the preferred (most preferred) destinations for all the big banners like HSBC, Dell, Microsoft, GE, Hewlett Packard, and many Indian multinationals like Infosys Technologies, Wipro, and Microland who have set up their offices in the city. That's because the city offers good infrastructure, with plenty of floor space and great communication facilities. This can be judged based on India's high growth statistics and the changing outlook of companies toward India.

Because of this growth, many famous brands that have not yet set up rigid offices in the country are making fast to get a destination in India as well. for example

The country experienced an era when IBM closed its store in India in 1950, all keyframes that were imported into the country were from Russia. Western computers could not be imported due to the US ban on the export of high-tech equipment to India, which was considered an ally of the Soviet Union.
Slowly, by the time the country managed to develop its first powerful parallel computer in 1991 known as CDAC, by connecting a series of less powerful computers together.
With the passage of time and continuous growth all over the world, the country has continued to struggle and has risen as a global leader in the information technology sector.
The industry grew to $5.7 billion (including over $4 billion in software exports) in 1999-2000, with an annual growth rate that has not fallen below 50 percent since 1991.

It exports software and services to nearly 95 countries around the world. The share of North America (the US and Canada) in India's software exports is about 61 percent.
The Indian labor is not only cheap but also technically skilled on a world-class level. This is due to the Indian education system which includes in the course curriculum the practical knowledge of the latest technologies developed in the world along with fluency in English which imparts compatibility in an Indian technician to communicate and work all over the world.

Moreover, the geographical location of India serves the advantage of being exactly halfway around the world from the west coast of the United States, which is another reason why India is the preferred destination for many major brands.

The presence of a large number of Indians, especially engineers, in the United States also gave India easy entry into the American software market.
What further adds to India's dominance in the IT sector is the government policies such as the enactment of Internet laws to safeguard and protect the interests of software companies in India.
The establishment of Software Technology Pools of India (STPI), by the Ministry of Information Technology, the Government of India, and the International Technology Park in a joint venture by the state government, the Tata Group, and the Singapore Federation to promote and facilitate software exports is another major step towards the growth of the Indian IT sector.
Similarly, an industrial park, known as Electronic City, was established in 1991 and houses over a hundred electronic industries including Motorola, Infosys, Siemens, ITI, and Wipro, in an area of ​​about 330 acres.
The Export Promotion Industrial Park, which is built near the International Technology Park, provides an exclusive area of ​​288 acres for export-oriented businesses. GE has India Technology Center located in this park and employs hundreds of multidisciplinary technology development activities.
Other promotional activities that have elevated India to this position include the IT Corridor Project. The IT Corridor project was launched by Singapore's Jurong Town Corporation Private Limited, through the Department of Information Technology and the Bangalore Development Authority to develop state-of-the-art facilities for the development of knowledge-based industries.

Thoughts of some of the world's IT leaders about India

“Economic growth will dictate better management, and better governance will fuel more economic growth.”

SV, New York, USA
People and societies, in general, feel that they do not have the power to make a difference

Kozar Singh Sangha, Bedford
India should take more care of the villagers who are still struggling to live properly

John Karondokkadavil, India, lives in Poland, Gaslow
India can become a superpower if it focuses on the technology market sphere

Divyani Prabhat, Jersey City, USA
India must face a skills and wage crisis

Pallavi, Sydney, Australia

We hope India leads the world towards a more humane and tolerant future

Nilech, Antwerp, Belgium

India needs to make strong and clear decisions to emerge as a global player

Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, USA
India is a country gaining economic ground in the world

Justin, Bristol, UK
Indians must now develop their sense of national pride

Layla, USA
India will never be a superpower, let alone a world power

Jonathan, Boston, USA
India has seen a sharp increase in the estimated number of HIV infections

Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India's economic success is built on the sacrifices of previous generations

Shekhar Scindia, Edison, New Jersey, USA
While India's economic growth is encouraging, its sustainability is questionable

Sigismund Wilson, Sierra Leonean, Michigan, USA

Conclusion
India is the perfect solution for all those companies, who are looking for cheap but technically skilled labor with innovative and fresh minds to work on a project. The abundance of facilities provides ideal working conditions. For convenience, Internet laws are in place to monitor and protect everyone's interests related to the IT sector.
All these reasons contribute to making India like